其实都是有代价的。并不是只有经济学领域使用结构模型,结构模型和实验方法在统计学本身也有一些争论,同时两种方法都广泛使用在流行病学和心理学等领域。
转述J Pearl的文章,我也不想再多说了,其实我没有赞成什么或者反对什么,一切都应该回归其本来面目。
However, this mathematical convenience (of experimental method) often comes at the expense of conceptual clarity, especially at a stage where causal assumptions need be formulated...When counterfactual variables are not viewed as byproducts of a deeper, process-based model, it is also hard to ascertain whether all relevant counterfactual independence judgments have been articulated, whether the judgments articulated are redundant, or whether those judgments are self-consistent. The need to express, defend, and manage formidable counterfactual relationships of this type explain the slow acceptance of causal analysis among epidemiologists and statisticians, and why economists and social scientists continue to use structural equation models instead of the potential-outcome alternatives advocated in Angrist et al. (1996); Holland (1988); Sobel (1998).
(在经济学里,也许conceptual clarity比统计学和流行病学更重要,这也是我理解的经济计量学的独特之处)
On the other hand, the algebraic machinery offered by the potential outcome notation, once a problem is properly formalized, can be extremely powerful in refining assumptions (Angrist et al., 1996), deriving consistent estimands (Robins, 1986), bounding probabilities of necessary and sufficient causation (Tian and Pearl, 2000), and combining data from experimental and nonexperimental studies (Pearl, 2000).
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我想这场讨论我参与到这里为止吧,讨论的目的只是为了澄清问题,大家不要伤和气。
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不过,这些计量工具要是想用好解释恰当,真是要一番功夫,就像老朱说的,也许不仅仅需要经济学直觉,还要能formalize问题,我愿意涉足争论的初始愿意恰恰是看到一些很有“想像力”的文献,真是挑战了我的神经。另外有一个现象不知道会不会出现,实证计量里面也许会出现越来越多的匪夷所思的causes,越来越多,越来越多,而他们都有effects。
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mingtsiang 最后编辑于 2009-06-17 00:44:41
不做助教了
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